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Current schedules and exceptions
FIFA regulates in general that there shall be two windows, a longer
one (max. twelve weeks) in the break between two seasons and shorter
one (max. one month) in the middle of a season. The specific periods
depend on the league's season cycle and are determined by the national
football authorities.[4]
When a league commences in the second half of the year (eg. August
or September) and stretches over two calendar years (autumn-spring
season in the Northern Hemisphere), the first window is usually open
from 1 July until midnight of 31 August and the second one from 1
January until midnight on 31 January the same year. Most major European
leagues have adopted this scheme.
The periods differ when a league runs throughout a single calendar year, as in most Nordic countries
due to weather constraints, or as the traditional season in the
Southern Hemisphere. The first window generally opens from 1 March
until midnight of 30 April, followed by the in-season window from 1
August to 31 August.